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== Penis Removal ==
* In ancient civilizations, removal of the human penis was sometimes used as a means of demonstrating superiority: armies were sometimes known to sever the penises of their enemies to count the dead, as well as for trophies. The practice of castration (removal of the testicles) sometimes also involves the removal of all or part of the penis, generally with a tube inserted to keep the urethra open for urination. Castration has been used to create a class of servants or slaves (and especially harem-keepers) called eunuchs in many different places and eras. In Italy, it was used to preserve the pure, high voices of young male singers, who were known as castrati.
* In the modern era, removal of the human penis is rare, and references to castration and removal of the penis are almost always symbolic.

== Human penis removal in medicine and psychology ==
Some men have penile amputations, known as penectomies, for medical reasons. Cancer, for example, sometimes necessitates removal of all or part of the penis. In rare instances, botched childhood circumcisions have also resulted in full or partial penectomies.
* Genital surgical procedures for transwomen (transgendered or transsexual women) undergoing sex reassignment surgery, do not usually involve the complete removal of the penis; part or all of the glans is usually kept and reshaped as a clitoris, and the skin of the penile shaft may also be inverted to form the vagina. When procedures such as this are not possible, other procedures such as colovaginoplasty are used which do involve the removal of the penis.
* Issues related to the removal of the penis appear in psychology, for example in the condition known as castration anxiety. Others, who associate the organ with rape and male dominance and aggression, may consciously or subconsciously see the organ (their own or those of others) as a weapon and express a hatred for it, potentially desiring to see it violently removed.
* Some men have undergone penectomies as a voluntary body modification, but professional opinion is divided as to whether or not the desire for penile amputation is a pathology, thus including it as part of a body dysmorphic disorder. Voluntary subincision, removal of the glans penis, and bifurcation of the penis are related topics.

==See also==

==External links==
* [http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_Sexual_Impact_of_Penectomy_35.asp American Cancer Society's Sexual Impact of Penectomy article]


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[[Category:Medical]]

[[Category:Gender reassignment surgery]]